Tofacitinib 5 mg (Tofacent) is an advanced oral medication used primarily for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ulcerative colitis (UC). It belongs to the class of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which work by modulating the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent joint and tissue damage.

Mechanism of Action

Tofacitinib functions by selectively inhibiting Janus kinase enzymes (JAK1 and JAK3), which are responsible for the activation of immune responses. By blocking these pathways, it helps reduce excessive inflammation, swelling, and pain associated with autoimmune conditions. This leads to improved mobility, reduced joint stiffness, and better overall quality of life for patients.

Indications and Uses

Tofacitinib 5 mg is prescribed for various inflammatory conditions, including:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Helps in reducing joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in moderate to severe cases.
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): Treats joint pain and skin symptoms associated with PsA.
Ulcerative Colitis (UC): Controls inflammation in the colon and reduces symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.

Dosage and Administration

The usual dosage for RA and PsA is 5 mg taken twice daily or as prescribed by a doctor.

For Ulcerative Colitis, the recommended dose is typically adjusted based on the severity of symptoms.

The tablet should be swallowed whole with or without food.

Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Side Effects and Precautions

While Tofacitinib is highly effective, some patients may experience side effects such as:
Increased risk of infections (due to immune suppression)
Headache, nausea, or diarrhea
Increased cholesterol levels
Liver enzyme abnormalities
Rare but serious risks include blood clots and heart-related issues

Patients should undergo regular medical check-ups while on this medication to monitor for any adverse effects. It is not recommended for individuals with severe infections or a history of blood clots unless prescribed under strict medical supervision.

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